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      Reduction of Die Wear and Structural Defects of Railway Screw Spike Heads Estimated by FEM 

      Alcázar, Jackeline; Abate, Germán; Antunez, Nazareno; Simoncelli, Alejandro; Egea, Antonio J. Sánchez; Krahmer, Daniel Martinez; López de Lacalle Marcaide, Luis Norberto (MDPI, 2021-11-15)
      Railway spike screws are manufactured by hot forging on a massive scale, due to each kilometer of railway track needing 8600 spike screws. These components have a low market value, so the head must be formed in a single ...