Elikadura mota desberdinek 2 motako diabetes mellitusaren gluzemiaren kontrolean duten eragina
Ikusi/ Ireki
Data
2023-06-22Egilea
Herrarte Balluerka, Eider
Laburpena
2 motako diabetesa odoleko glukosa mailak altuegi izatea eragiten duen
gaixotasun metabolikoa da. Osasun publikorako arazo larria da, populazioaren kopuru
handi bati eta organo nagusi askori eragiten baitie. Elikadura 2 motako Diabetes
Mellitusa prebenitzeko eta kudeatzeko ezinbesteko tratamendu ez-farmakologikoa dela
kontuan hartuz, erizainak dieta osasuntsuen inguruko informazioa eskaini diezaieke
pazienteei. Horrela, osasun-hezkuntza egokiaren bidez gaixotasunaren prebentzioan rol
garrantzitsua bete dezake.
Helburua: lan honen helburu nagusia 2 motako Diabetes Mellitusa pairatzen duten
pazienteen gluzemia kontrolatzeko dieta ezberdinen (begetarianoa, mediterraneoa,
zetogenikoa eta beganoa) eraginkortasuna aztertzen duten artikuluen errebisio
sistematiko bat egitea da. Halaber, errebisio sistematiko horretan lortutako emaitzetan
oinarrituz, erizainok aplika dezakegun elikadura gida baten oinarriak proposatu nahi
dira.
Metodologia: PIO egitura jarraituz PubMed, BVS, Scopus eta Cochrane datu-baseetan
bilaketa-sistematikoa egin da. Bilaketa hori 2022ko abenduaren 10an egin da eta
2013tik 2022ra bitartean argitaratutako argitalpenak barne hartu dira.
Emaitzak: bai dieta begetarianoak eta bai dieta mediterraneoak hemoglobina
glikosilatuan eragin positiboa dute. Beraz, biak aukera egokiak dira 2 motako Diabetes
Mellitusaren prebentziorako eta odoleko glukosa mailak balore egokietan mantentzeko.
Dieta zetogenikoari eta beganoari dagokienez, hemoglobina glikosilatuan onurak
dakartzatela dirudi, baina emaitzak ez dira hain argiak.
Eztabaida: dieta begetarianoa eta mediterraneoa zereal, fruta eta barazkietan
oinarritzen dira. Elikagai horiek antioxidatzaile iturri garrantzitsuak dira eta
antioxidatzaileek intsulinaren jarioa estimulatzen dute baita intsulinarekiko
erresistentzia gutxitu ere. Modu berean, zuntzetan aberatsak izatean, onuragarriak dira
glukosaren metabolismorako. Dieta beganoaren eraginkortasuna ere zuntzetan aberatsa
izateari lotzen zaio funtsean. Dieta zetogenikoaren kasuan, karbohidratoen gutxitzeak
hesteetan glukosaren xurgapena murriztea dakarrela dirudi.
Ondorioak: dieta begetarianoak eta mediterraneoak onurak dakartzate hemoglobina
glikosilatuan. Dieta beganoaren eta zetogenikoaren kasuan, emaitzek joera berbera
jarraitzen dute baina beganoa aztertzen duten hainbat ikerketatan ez dira estatistikoki
esanguratsuak eta zetogenikoaren kasuan dieta beste aldagai batzuekin batera aztertzen
denez, ezin dira harreman kausalak ezarri. Beraz, proposatzen diren gidaren oinarriak
dieta begetarianoan eta mediterraneoan oinarritzen dira. Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes blood glucose levels to
be too high. It is a serious public health problem, as it affects a large portion of the
population and many of their major organs. Considering that diet is an essential
non-pharmacological treatment for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes,
nurses can provide patients with information about healthy diets. Thus, through
appropriate health education, they can play an important role in disease prevention.
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of
articles that analyze the effectiveness of various diets, including vegetarian,
mediterranean, ketogenic, and vegan diets, for controlling glycemia in individuals with
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the results of this systematic review, we intend to
recommend the foundation for a dietary guide that can be utilized by these nurses.
Methodology: A systematic search was conducted following the PIO structure. This
search was carried out on December 10, 2022, in PubMed, BVS, Scopus, and Cochrane
databases, and included publications that were published between 2013 and 2022.
Results: The vegetarian and mediterranean diets have a positive effect on glycosylated
hemoglobin, making them good options for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus and
maintaining proper blood glucose levels. The ketogenic and vegan diets appear to
provide benefits in glycosylated hemoglobin, but the results are not as clear.
Discussion: The vegetarian and mediterranean diets are based on grains, fruits, and
vegetables. These foods are an important source of antioxidants that stimulate insulin
flow and decrease insulin resistance. Moreover, being rich in fibers, they are beneficial
for glucose metabolism. The effectiveness of the vegan diet is also fundamentally
associated with being fiber-rich. In the case of the ketogenic diet, the reduction of
carbohydrates appears to imply a decrease in the absorption of glucose in the intestine.
Conclusions: The vegetarian and mediterranean diets provide benefits in glycosylated
hemoglobin. In the case of the vegan and ketogenic diets, the results follow the same
trend, but in some vegan studies they are not statistically significant, and in the case of
the ketogenic diet, it is studied jointly with other variables, so causal relationships
cannot be established. Therefore, the basis for the proposed guide is based on the
vegetarian and Mediterranean diets.