The criminalization of hate crimes against the LGBT community in Spain
Abstract
[EN] Hate crimes are a growing issue in our society that, each day, affect different minorities, and legal systems around the
world have looked for different ways to punish them. This paper examines the effectiveness of the contemporary criminalization
of hate crimes in Spain, particularly those committed against the LGBT community, as one of the communities most affected by
these types of crimes. For that purpose, this thesis will review and look at the aggravating factor of Article 22.4 of the Spanish
Criminal Code. More precisely, it will evaluate the effectiveness of the current basis of the aggravating factor and the main
issues that it brings, through an analysis of the doctrine and different judgments where the aggravating factor was or was not
applied.