Ecos de Pascua, mitos rebeldes: El nacionalismo vasco e Irlanda (1890-1939)

Abstract

La imitación de otros nacionalismos exitosos, que funcionan como modelos de emulación, constituye un ingrediente esencial del concepto de nación propia de todo movimiento nacionalista. Las influencias exteriores son especialmente operantes en el nivel de los modelos y estrategias de lucha política y cultural. Dentro del conjunto de influencias exteriores recibidas por el nacionalismo vasco desde 1895, la irlandesa ha sido la más intensa y duradera. Su impacto ha sido mayor por su proximidad geográfica y sus éxitos políticos, pero también por su halo de leyenda y rebeldía, acrecentado por la rebelión de Pascua de 1916, su represión y el triunfo posterior del independentismo a partir de 1919. En este artículo se analizan las modalidades de esa influencia, las vías de recepción y su evolución, como ejemplo de enfoque transnacional del nacionalismo.; Imitating other successful nations, as a model to follow, constitutes an essential component of the concept of nation which is worked out by every nationalist movement. External influences are particularly relevant at the level of the cultural and political strategies to be adopted. Within the sample of foreign influences which were received by Basque nationalism since its origins (1895), the Irish example has been the most intense and enduring model. The impact of the Irish movement on the Basque one was enhanced by geographic proximity, as well as by the sociopolitical achievements of the former, but it was particularly the Irish legendary aura and its rebellious character which contributed the most. The Easter Rising (1916), its subsequent repression and the following electoral victory of the supporters of Irish independence (1919) definitively reinforced its infuence on the Basque movement. From a transnational outlook this essays analyses the modalities and evolution of that influence, as well as the ways through which the Irish model was received in the Basque country.