Gibel gantzatsu ez alkoholikoa, XXI. mendeko osasun-arazoa

Abstract

Gibel gantzatsu ez-alkoholikoa (GGEA) espektro zabaleko gaixotasuna da, zeinak gaixotasun-multzo bat hartzen duen barne, gibel esteatositik hasita gibel-minbizia izatera arte iritsi daitekeena. Bere garapenerako arrisku faktore garrantzitsuenak obesitatea eta intsulinarekiko erresistentzia dira, gaur egun osasun-arazo pandemikoa izatera iritsi direnak. Populazioaren %25ak gibel-esteatosia pairatzen duela uste da, datu hauek gutxi gorabeherakoak direlarik gaixotasuna asintomatikoa izanik duen diagnosi zaila dela eta. Prebalentzia altuko gaixotasuna bada ere, nabarmentzekoa da gaur egun ez dagoela oraindik tratamendu estandarizaturik, ez eta hura hasteko momentu onenari buruzko akordiorik ere. Hala ere, bi dira gaur egun gehien erabiltzen diren tratamenduak: farmakologikoa, non intsulinarekiko erresistentzia hobetzen duten eta pisu galera eragiten duten farmakoak erabiltzen diren, eta dietetikoa, energia murrizketa delarik estrategiarik erabiliena. Bestetik, GGEAren tratamenduan konposatu fenolikoak erabilgarriak izan daitezkeela frogatu da in vitro eta in vivo egindako ikerketetan. Hala ere, entsegu klinikoetan lortutako emaitzek argi uzten duten bezala, oraindik ere ikerketa gehiagoren beharra dago konposatu fenolikoak gizakietan GGEAren tratamendu gisa erabili ahal izateko.; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) is a wide spectrum illness which is comprised of different hepatic alterations, from steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. In this development, obesity and insulin resistance, two health alterations that currently have reached pandemic proportions, are considered as the main risk factors. It is believed that the 25% of the population suffers from hepatic steatosis, although these data is a mere stimation, due to the fact that the illness is asymptomatic and hard to diagnose. In spite of being such a prevalent illness, still today there are neither a standarized treatment nor a consensus regarding the best moment to start treating the illness. Nevertheless, there are two treatment strategies that are mainly used nowadays: the pharmacological treatment (based on the usage of drugs that ameliorate insulin resistance and enhance body weight reduction) and diet (being energy restricted diets the most commonly used ones). Moreover, in vitro and in vivo performed studies have demonstrated that phenolic compounds could also be useful for hepatic steatosis treatment. However, taking into account the results obtained in clinical trials, there is still more research to do in order to use these compounds as a therapeutic tool for hepatic steatosis treatment in humans.