Energia 2030 Agendan eta Garapen Iraunkorrerako Helburuetan: 7. GIHaren xede eta adierazleen analisia Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan

Abstract

Artikulu honek Nazio Batuen 2030 Agendako Garapen Iraunkorrerako Helburuen (GIH) artean zazpigarrena aztertzen du: biztanle ororentzat energia garbia eskuragarri izatea. Helburu hori hainbat lurraldetan inplementatzeko eta haren jarraipena egiteko bideak aztertu dira, baita zenbait autoreren arabera dituen alde onak edo potentzialtasunak eta argi-ilunak ere. Azken urteotako literaturak GIHen jarraipenari buruz zer dioen berrikusi, eta, horren ostean, 7. GIHaren ezarpena makro eskalatik mikro mailara nolakoa izaten ari den aztertu da, Europatik hasita, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoaren (EAE) kasu konkretua ardatz gisa hartuz. Horretarako, askotariko gobernu mailetan (besteak beste, Europar Batasuna, Espainiako estatuko gobernua, Eusko Jaurlaritza, foru-aldundiak eta udalak) 7. GIHa lortze aldera zehaztu diren xede eta adierazleak alderatu dira, baita haien aniztasuna erakutsi ere, eta 2017. urtera bitartean adierazle horiek izandako bilakaera aztertu da. Azterketatik ondorioztatu da Europa mailan helburuak estandarizatu diren arren helburuok estatu-mailan eta handik beherakoetan ez dutela adierazle nahikorik ezarririko xedeen jarraipen osatua egiteko. Hala, adierazleak estandarizatzen eta datu-iturriak hobetzen jarraitzeko beharra ikusi da, hots, agerian utzi da horrek konparaketak egiteko dakartzan zailtasunak.; This article examines the 2030 Agenda’s Sustainable Development Goal 7: affordable and clean energy for all. It has been analyzed the ways in which this goal is being implemented in different territories and how it is planned to be monitored, as well as its pros and cons, according to different authors. The literature of recent years about monitoring of SDGs has been compared, having as well a full look at how the implementation of the 7th SDG has been planned from the macro scale to the micro level, starting from the Eu-ropean frame and having as scope the Basque Country. To this end, they have been compared the targets and indicators set by govern-ments of different levels (including the European Union, the Spanish State Government, the Basque Government, the Basque Provincial Councils and City Councils) for achieving SDG 7, showing their diversity. The evolution of these indicators has been examined up to 2017, and finally, the findings made have been contrasted with the analyzed literature. It has been concluded that, although there is a standardization at the European level, there is a lack of indicators at state and provincial level to monitor the achievements in a compre-hensive integral way. It has been detected the need to standardize indicators and improve data sources, revealing difficulties in making comparisons.