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dc.contributor.authorJauregui Aizpurua, Leire
dc.contributor.authorGarbisu Crespo, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorEpelde Sierra, Lur
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-27T13:33:08Z
dc.date.available2023-06-27T13:33:08Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifier.citationEkaia 43 : 117-138 (2023)
dc.identifier.issn0214-9001
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/61661
dc.description.abstractAntibiotics have become an indispensable tool to combat bacterial infections in medicine and veterinary medicine. The abuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of one of the most important health challenges, as bacteria have developed widespread resistance to antibiotics. This global problem must be analysed from a One Health perspective, as antibiotic resistance is shared, spread and multiplied between humans, animals and the environment. For example, the application of organic fertilizers to soil can improve soil health and crop yields. However, this practice carries risks, as antibiotics not fully metabolised by humans or animals can find their way to soil. In addition to the antibiotics, the use of such organic fertilisers involves the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements. Indeed, the continuous introduction of antibiotics into soils creates a potential threat to indigenous bacteria; antibi-otic-resistant bacteria multiply and alter the biodiversity of indigenous bacterial communities. This wide dispersal makes the use of antibiotics increasingly ineffective in the treatment of pathogenic resistant bacterial infections. This review first tries to explain the origin and mechanisms of antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotics. Next, the use of organic fertilisers of human or animal origin in soils is mentioned, as they are a major source for the spread of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in the environment. The environmental impact of antibiotic resistance is then explained, following the exposure pathway from crops to humans. Finally, we suggest using some management processes that could be useful to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance in livestock-derived organic fertilisers.; Antibiotikoak ezinbesteko tresna bilakatu dira medikuntza eta albaitaritzan bakterio-infekzioei aurre egiteko. Antibiotikoen gehiegizko erabilerak eta erabilera okerrak osasun-erronka garrantzitsuenetako bat bizkortu dute, bakte-rioek antibiotikoekiko erresistentzia zabala garatu baitute. Mundu mailako arazo hau Osasun Bakarraren ikuspegitik aztertu behar da, antibiotikoekiko erresistentziak gizakien, animalien eta ingurumenaren artean partekatu, barreiatu eta ugaritzen baitira. Adibidez, lurzoruetan ongarri organikoak aplikatzeak lurren osasuna eta uzten etekina hobetu ditzake. Hala ere, praktika honek arriskuak dakartza, lurzorura iritsi baitaitezke gizaki nahiz abereek guztiz metabolizatu ez dituzten antibiotikoak. Antibiotikoa hedatzeaz gain, antibiotikoekiko erresistenteak diren geneak, bakterioak eta elementu genetiko mugikorrak ba-rreiatzea dakar mota honetako ongarri organikoen erabilerak. Izan ere, lurzoruetan etengabe antibiotikoak sartzeak mehatxu potentziala sortzen du bertako bakterioentzat; bakterio antibiotikoekiko erresistenteak ugaritu egiten dira eta bertako bakterio-komunitateen bioaniztasuna aldatzen dute. Barreiadura zabal honen ondorioz, gero eta gehiago, antibiotikoen erabilera ez da eraginkorra izaten ari erresistente diren patogenoen infekzioen tratamenduetan. Berrikuspen honetan, lehenik, antibiotikoen nahiz antibiotikoekiko erresistente diren geneen jatorria eta mekanismoak azaltzen dira. Jarraian, lurzoruetan egiten den giza edo animalia-jatorriko ongarri organikoen erabilera aipatzen da, antibiotikoak eta erresistentziak ingurumenean barreiatzeko sarbide garrantzitsuak direlako. Ondoren, antibiotikoekiko erresistentziek ingurumenean duten eragina azaltzen da, esposizio-bidea jarraituz kultiboetatik gizakietara iritsi arte. Azkenik, abereetatik eratorritako ongarri organikoetan anti-biotikoekiko erresistentzien arriskua gutxitzeko erabilgarriak izan litezkeen kudeaketa-prozesuak proposatzen ditugu.
dc.language.isoeus
dc.publisherServicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatearen Argitalpen Zerbitzua
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.titleAntibiotikoen erresistentziak agroekosistemetan
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.rights.holder© 2023 UPV/EHU Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
dc.identifier.doi10.1387/ekaia.23461


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© 2023 UPV/EHU Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2023 UPV/EHU Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International