1619ko Tolosako gaztelaniazko paskinak eta Elduaingo euskarazko bertso iraingarriak

Abstract

Artikulu honetan, euskalariek "1619ko Tolosako paskinak" izenburuarekin ezagutu dituzten bertsoen testua bere testuinguruan kokatzeko asmoarekin, bertso horiek bildu zituen proze-suko dokumentu guztiak aztertu ditugu, eta argitu dugu Adarrac emaiten dira Miraballesen... has-ten diren euskarazko bertso iraingarriak ez direla Tolosan agerturiko paskinetakoak (zeinak gaztela-niaz idatziak baitziren), baizik eta, gaztelaniazko paskin horien autorearen bila ari zirelarik, Joan Olaondo Elduaingo apaizaren etxean aurkituak, beste hainbat dokumenturekin batera. Elduaingo apaiz-etxearen miaketan bilduriko dokumentu guztiak argitaratu ditugu, eta ahalegin berezia egin dugu euskarazko bertso iraingarrien testua finkatzeko. Euskarazko bertsoen egilea nor izan zen ar-gitzen saiatu gara baina ez dugu ondorio eztabaidaezinik atera: Joan Otazu Leaburuko apaiza zen prozesuan akusatu nagusia, baina prozesuko komisarioaren aginduz euskarazko bertsoen letrakera aztertu zuten adituek Pedro Olazabal Mendigibel Lizartzako apaiza eta Domingo Katategi Tolosako bizilaguna aipatu zituzten. Bestalde, erakutsi dugu Tolosaldean, x v i i. mendearen hasieran, euska-razko eta gaztelaniazko bertsoak erabiltzen zirela bizilagunen arteko liskarretan, hala idatziak nola bat-batekoak.; With the aim of contextualizing the text of the verses that bascologists have known under the title of "Lampoons of Tolosa of 1619", we have analyzed all the documents of the pro-cess in which they were collected, and have clarified that the offensive verses in Basque that be-gin Adarrac emaiten dira Miraballesen... are not part of the lampoons that appeared in Tolosa (which were written in Spanish), but were found in the house of Joan Olaondo, priest of Elduain, along with many other documents, in one of the searches for the author of the lampoons of To-losa. We have published all the documents collected in the search of the curial house of Elduain and we have made a special effort to fix the text of the offensive verses in Basque. We have tried to clarify who was the author of the verses in Basque, but we have not reached any definitive con-clusion: the priest of Leaburu Joan Otazu was the main accused in the process, but the experts who analyzed the handwriting of the verses in Basque cited the priest of Lizartza Pedro Olazabal Mendigibel and the neighbor of Tolosa Domingo Katategi. Additionally, we have shown that in Tolosaldea, at the beginning of the 17th century, the use of verses in Basque and Castilian, both written and improvised, were frequent in the confrontations between neighbors.