Exchange-Correlation Hole of a Generalized Gradient Approximation for Solids and Surfaces

Abstract

We propose a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the angle- and system-averaged exchange-correlation hole of a many-electron system. This hole, which satisfies known exact constraints, recovers the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof for solids (PBEsol) exchange-correlation energy functional, a GGA that accurately describes the equilibrium properties of densely packed solids and their surfaces. We find that our PBEsol exchange-correlation hole describes the wave-vector analysis of the jellium exchange-correlation surface energy in agreement with a sophisticated time-dependent density-functional calculation (whose three-dimensional wave-vector analysis we report here).